A glovebox is used for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells in a nitrogen environment. It is equipped for spin-coating processes and features evacuation chambers for safe sample transfer. The system includes O₂, H₂O, and VOC sensors, with all three levels maintained below 1 ppm during normal operation.
A climate chamber (KKS115 SMART PRO) is used for accelerated degradation tests of solar cells. The temperature range is from 0 °C to +100 °C, with relative humidity adjustable from 10% to 90% r.h. Temperature is regulated with a precision of 0.1 °C, and humidity with a precision of 1%.
External quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements are performed in the 300–1200 nm range for photodetectors and solar cells. The spot size is controlled between 0.01 cm² and 0.05 cm². A Keithley 6585 is used for picoampere measurements, and calibration is carried out using a UV-enhanced Si photodiode (SM1PD2A). J–V characteristics can also be measured using a Keithley 6487 source meter.
Measurements of the solar cell are performed under AM1.5G illumination using a AAA-class solar simulator. J–V characterization is conducted using either a Keithley 2400 or an Ossila source meter. The illuminated area is approximately 10 cm in diameter. Calibration is performed using a CalCell from InfinityPV.